Professor Heetae Kim of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology is leading research on next-generation power grids based on complex systems science. Traditionally, Korea’s power grid was built on a centralized structure, transmitting electricity from large power plants to consumers. However, the growing share of renewables and increasing power demand have exposed the limitations of this system. With more variable sources like solar and wind, and the spread of high-power-consuming facilities such as data centers, semiconductor plants, and electric vehicles, the grid’s operational environment has become much more complex. In response, the government is accelerating the ‘K-GRID Talent & Startup Valley’ project in Jeollanam-do to build a next-generation power grid.
The next-generation grid is not just about expanding transmission and distribution facilities. Its core is to integrate distributed resources—renewables, energy storage systems (ESS), and demand management—into a unified system. By leveraging digital technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), the grid aims to optimize the production, storage, and consumption of electricity, stabilizing the volatility of renewables and enhancing grid efficiency. ESS acts as a ‘backup battery,’ storing surplus electricity for later use, while virtual power plants (VPPs) coordinate various resources to balance supply and demand. This technological evolution requires new research approaches, including network science and statistical physics.
AI plays a pivotal role in analyzing and predicting data within the next-generation grid. It enables accurate forecasting of renewable generation, which fluctuates with weather, and anticipates power demand changes driven by social events. AI also helps predict equipment failures and optimize maintenance schedules, improving overall grid efficiency. Professor Kim emphasizes the importance of data acquisition, policy discussions, and tariff reforms alongside technological advances. Jeollanam-do was chosen as a demonstration site due to its high potential for solar and offshore wind energy.
With the adoption of the next-generation grid, citizens will experience stable electricity supply in their daily lives. New business models such as V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) technology and ‘solar pension’ schemes are expected to emerge, reducing electricity costs. Industrially, data centers and AI-driven businesses may relocate to renewable-rich regions, stimulating local economies and creating jobs. The next-generation grid is recognized as a comprehensive energy innovation strategy that drives both technological advancement and regional development.
This article highlights how Korea’s next-generation power grid is evolving into an AI- and data-driven energy innovation platform. Integrating complex systems science and network theory offers new solutions for maximizing grid stability and efficiency. The synergy between distributed energy resources and AI prediction technologies is set to transform the energy industry, fostering regional economic growth and new industries. With robust data utilization and supportive policies, Korea’s next-generation grid could become a global benchmark for energy transition.